Plantar flexion of the ankle is approximately 30–50 degrees. The patient is asked to plantar flex the ankle. The patient is placed in the supine position, while the clinician stands at the foot of the table, facing the patient. See Also: Gait Cycle Ankle Dorsi flexion & plantar flexion Ankle Plantar Flexion Adaptive shortening of the soleus can result in forefoot pronation and a valgus stress at the knee.Ī decrease in the flexibility of the gastrocnemius can result from a number of dysfunctions, including dysfunction of the subtalar joint or transtarsal joint, an ankle sprain, high heeled footwear, or poor gait/running mechanics. If the gastrocnemius is shortened, dorsiflexion of the ankle will be reduced as the knee is extended and increased as the knee is flexed.Ī muscular end-feel should be felt with the knee extended, and a capsular end-feel should be felt with the knee flexed.Ĭhronic adaptive shortening of the soleus muscle can be caused by excessive running, a weak posterior tibialis, or a weak quadriceps. Passive overpressure into dorsiflexion is applied. The patient is then asked to dorsiflex the ankle. To assess the length of the gastrocnemius, the patient is placed in the supine position with the knee extended, and the ankle positioned in subtalar neutral. ![]() This method is considered the most appropriate method of measuring ankle dorsiflexion range, as it reflects the functionally available range for the individual. This angle is then recorded as the ankle dorsiflexion range. If the goniometer is set so that vertical is zero, the arm of the goniometer always aligns to the vertical and the scale rotates to indicate the inclination from the vertical. The angle recorded on the goniometer indicates the range of dorsiflexion under load. The subject steadies themselves and then performs a weight-bearing lunge maneuver. Lunge: A standard goniometer is aligned along the lateral aspect of the leg and the floor. If the soleus is short, the heel will not touch the floor. Squat: If the muscle length is normal, the patient should be able to place the whole foot on the floor, including the heel, while in the full squat position. The flexibility of the soleus muscle may also be assessed in standing in able-bodied individuals by asking the patient to perform a deep squat or a lunge. With the knee flexed, 20 degrees of dorsiflexion past the anatomic position (the foot at 90 degrees to the bones of the leg) is found in the normally flexible person. The soleus is implicated if pain is produced in this test, especially if resisted plantar flexion is painful or more painful with the knee flexed than with the knee extended. Passive overpressure into dorsiflexion when the knee is flexed assesses the joint motion, as well as the soleus length. With the knee flexed to approximately 90 degrees, the length of the soleus muscle is examined. The foot is slightly inverted to lock the longitudinal arch. ![]() ![]() Care must be taken to prevent pronation at the subtalar and oblique midtarsal joint during dorsiflexion. The patient lies in the supine position, with the knee slightly flexed and supported by a pillow, while the clinician stands at the foot at the table, facing the patient.Īctive Ankle Dorsi flexion is initially performed with the knee flexed.
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